Nitrogen and sulfur species in Antarctic aerosols at Mawson,Palmer Station,and Marsh (King George Island)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

D. L. Savoie  J. M. Prospero  R. J. Larsen  F. Huang  M. A. Izaguirre  T. Huang  T. H. Snowdon  L. Custals  C. G. Sanderson 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1993,17(2):95-122

High volume bulk aerosol samples were collected continuously at three Antarctic sites: Mawson (67.60° S, 62.50° E) from 20 February 1987 to 6 January 1992; Palmer Station (64.77° S, 64.06° W) from 3 April 1990 to 15 June 1991; and Marsh (62.18° S, 58.30° W) from 28 March 1990, to 1 May 1991. All samples were analyzed for Na⁺, SO ₄ ^2– , NO ₃ ^– , methanesulfonate (MSA), NH ₄ ⁺ ,²¹⁰Pb, and⁷Be. At Mawson for which we have a multiple year data set, the annual mean concentration of each species sometimes vary significantly from one year to the next: Na⁺, 68–151 ng m^–3; NO ₃ ^– , 25–30 ng m^–3; nss SO ₄ ^2– , 81–97 ng m^–3; MSA, 19–28 ng m^–3; NH ₄ ⁺ , 16–21 ng m^–3;²¹⁰Pb, 0.75–0.86 fCi m^–3. Results from multiple variable regression of non-sea-salt (nss) SO ₄ ^2– with MSA and NO ₃ ^– as the independent variables indicates that, at Mawson, the nss SO ₄ ^2– /MSA ratio resulting from the oxidation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) is 2.80±0.13, about 13% lower than our earlier estimate (3.22) that was based on 2.5 years of data. A similar analysis indicates that the ratio at Palmer is about 40% lower, 1.71±0.10, and more comparable to previous results over the southern oceans. These results when combined with previously published data suggest that the differences in the ratio may reflect a more rapid loss of MSA relative to nss SO ₄ ^2– during transport over Antarctica from the oceanic source region. The mean²¹⁰Pb concentrations at Palmer and Marsh and the mean NO ₃ ^– concentration at Palmer are about a factor of two lower than those at Mawson. The²¹⁰Pb distributions are consistent with a²¹⁰Pb minimum in the marine boundary layer in the region of 40°–60° S. These features and the similar seasonalities of NO ₃ ^– and²¹⁰Pb at Mawson support the conclusion that the primary source regions for NO ₃ ^– are continental. In contrast, the mean concentrations of MSA, nss SO ₄ ^2– , and NH ₄ ⁺ at Palmer are all higher than those at Mawson: MSA by a factor of 2; nss SO ₄ ^2– by 10%; and NH ₄ ⁺ by more than 50%. However, the factor differences exhibit substantial seasonal variability; the largest differences generally occur during the austral summer when the concentrations of most of the species are highest. NH ₄ ⁺ /(nss SO ₄ ^2– +MSA) equivalent ratios indicate that NH₃ neutralizes about 60% of the sulfur acids during December at both Mawson and Palmer, but only about 30% at Mawson during February and March.  相似文献   

铅—试铁灵络合物吸附波及溴化十六烷基三甲基铵增敏效应的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张淑云  何平 《岩矿测试》1997,16(4):313-315

在０３０ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＡｃ介质中，Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）与７＿碘＿８＿羟基喹啉＿５＿磺酸（试铁灵，Ｆｅｒｏｎ）的络合物于－０５４Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）产生一尖锐的极谱波，加入溴化十六烷基三甲基铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）显著增敏，可使极谱波增高约４倍。峰电流与Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）浓度在９６×１０－９～４８×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ呈良好的线性关系，检出限为４８×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。用多种电化学方法研究了该极谱波的性质及电极反应机理表明，络合物组成比为ｎＰｂ（Ⅱ）∶ｎＦｅｒｏｎ＝１∶１，极谱波为吸附波，峰电流由中心离子Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）还原产生，电子转移数为２。试验了多种离子对峰电流的影响，拟定的方法用于矿样分析，结果与原结果相符。  相似文献   

锡－盐酸－溴化十四烷基三甲铵极谱催化波体系及其应用     

张文江  姚修仁 《岩矿测试》1995,(1)

在０．００２％溴化十四烷基三甲铵（ＴＴＭＡＢ）－２０％ＨＣＩ体系中，Ｓｎ有一灵敏的吸附波，峰电位在－０．４７Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ），线性范围２～１０００ｎｇ／ｍｌ。体系可用于岩石、土壤样品中微量Ｓｎ测定；机理研究表明，溴化一四烷基三甲铵通过诱导吸附ＳｎＣｌ提高测定的灵敏度。  相似文献   

基于近红外光谱技术的烃类与粘土矿物识别及其地质意义     

卢燕  杨凯  修连存 《地质通报》2017,36(10):1884-1891

沉积岩中自生粘土矿物受成岩过程中物化条件控制,是成岩系统物化条件的指示。近红外反射光谱技术对粘土矿物反应灵敏,在金属矿产勘探中已经得到了日益广泛的应用。首次对油气勘探地质井的试验工作,验证了近红外光谱数据不仅可以第一时间从岩石样品中直接提取微量烃信息,还能解译详细的粘土矿物组合及其变化,从而获取对油气勘探有价值的成岩温度和热成熟度信息。对鄂尔多斯富县地区试验样品的数据分析表明,生油和储油层中的粘土矿物组合(包括铵伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石)变化直接反映了成岩和构造演化物化条件的变化,对于全面理解盆地的环境条件并且判断油气生成的有利区位具有实际应用意义。  相似文献   

铵盐镍基电镀金刚石钻头的电化学机理研究及应用          下载免费PDF全文

阎冠欣  王群英 《探矿工程》2009,36(3):72-75

以微机控制电化学分析系统对铵盐镍基胎体镀层的电化学机理进行研究,试验了硫酸镍用量、氯化铵用量、镀液温度和镀液的pH值对镍沉积的影响,结果表明保持镀液适当高的pH值、略低的温度和加入氯化铵,可使镍沉积的极化增大,从而使镀层晶粒变小,结晶致密,且氯化铵的加入没有改变阴极过程的控制步骤。在N iSO4.6H2O 280 g/L,NH4Cl 19 g/L,H3BO335 g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.1 g/L;镀液温度45℃±1℃,pH值5.2,电流密度3.6 A/dm^2条件下电镀Φ41/27 mm室内钻头,钻进可钻性Ⅷ级的绢云母化含石英斜长石玢岩,钻进时效平均达到1.94 m/h,钻头的磨损约为0.092 mm/m,与普通镍-钴胎体钻头的使用寿命相差不大;但其钻进时效要比镍-钴胎体钻头高0.18 m/h,即约高10%,为野外生产试验提供了试制钻头的可靠资料和经验。  相似文献   

Experimental Investigation on Abstraction of Phenol Onto Micrococcus lylae and Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide          下载免费PDF全文

Natarajan Saravani  Muthukumarasamy Arulmozhi  Kugarajah Vaidhegi 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(11):1489-1498

  相似文献   

The impact of agricultural land use on stream chemistry and inputs to an inland reservoir: case of the Sauce Grande River,Argentina     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):834-843

Abstract

Water quality in the Paso Piedras Reservoir has deteriorated, primarily due to periodic blue-green algal blooms, making it temporarily unfit for human consumption. This phenomenon results from the eutrophication of waters of the watershed, and nutrients are considered to be the primary contributors to degradation of freshwater quality. In order to reduce the levels of nitrogen and, most of all, phosphorus, entering the Paso Piedras Reservoir, it is necessary to understand the incidence of diffuse transfers of nutrients from agricultural soils. The nitrogen composition, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and other physico-chemical parameters of the water were analysed in various different parts of the watershed in order to characterize water input to the reservoir from areas with different anthropogenic activity. The upper Sauce Grande basin was divided into three areas with different edaphic characteristics. The physico-chemical parameters measured in sampling surveys included: SRP, ammonium and nitrate, pH, conductivity, turbidity, and total solids. The results showed that the water of the Sauce Grande (areas 1 and 2) was not strongly contaminated, but in El Divisorio (Area 3, which is a sub-watershed whose stream flows directly into the Paso Piedras Reservoir), the levels of conductivity, total suspended sediments and SRP were so high that its contribution to the reservoir accounts for nearly 50% of the total SRP input. The main characteristics of El Divisorio watershed that make it a diffuse source of SRP were not only that its soils, under agricultural-livestock production, have significant slopes, so that water and wind erosion are faster, but also that human intervention had caused the destruction of aggregates. The results showed the influence of the soil characteristics, production systems and the micro-environment developed in the reservoir on the characteristics of waters flowing out of the reservoir. The two villages located in Area 2 had no significant influence on the concentration of nitrogen compounds and SRP found downstream.  相似文献   

沂源县田庄水库农业面源氮素淋滤行为研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋辉  刘庆福 《地下水》2010,32(2):71-73

受农业面源影响,典型山区水库-田庄水库氮素超标,通过模拟土壤在不同降雨强度与不同降雨类型下的淋滤行为,探讨氮素淋溶释放规律,并对田庄水库农业面源氮素入库量进行了计算。结果表明,降雨类型和降雨强度只影响土壤中氨氮峰值浓度出现的时间,对其数值影响不大,由于土壤中硝氮含量较高,使降雨强度和类型对其淋出液中的硝氮峰值浓度产生的时间和数值都有所影响;农业面源氮污染通过田庄水库四条入库河流年均排入水库中的硝氮总量高达604．49t,氨氮为23．85t。  相似文献   

三角褐指藻及其藻际细菌对不同无机氮源的响应     

魏晓雪  石峰  陈子熙  冯剑丰  朱琳 《海洋科学》2022,46(1):10-21

海洋生态系统中,浮游植物和细菌之间的相互作用是影响营养盐供应和再生、海洋初级生产力和生物地球化学循环的基本生态关系.为研究营养盐、浮游植物和细菌之间的关系,在实验室内培养条件下,通过改变氮源的形态(硝态氮和铵态氮)和浓度,研究海洋浮游植物三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)的藻际细菌在不同营...  相似文献   

海水中溶解态铵盐氮同位素分析的预处理方法     

刘丽丽  于海燕  俞志明  宋秀贤  曹西华  袁涌铨 《海洋科学》2013,37(12):28-33

以蒸馏法为基础, 研究了适合海水中铵盐稳定氮同位素分析的预处理方法。对蒸馏法预处理过程中的最佳蒸馏时间、沸石的选取、铵盐最适浓度范围等分别进行改进和优化, 获得稳定、高效的海水中铵盐氮稳定同位素分析预处理方法。结果表明: 最佳蒸馏时间为50 min, 铵盐的回收率为(97±5.8)%。测定了不同沸石对不同浓度氨氮的吸附率, 筛选出酸性条件下铵氮吸附效率较高且稳定的康华科技沸石; 确定铵盐的最佳适用浓度范围为2～10 μmol/L, 在该浓度范围内氮回收率94%～99%,氮分馏系数为0.1‰～0.8‰。将此方法应用于长江口海域水样分析, 结果表明, 这一方法可以应用于河口中铵盐的氮同位素分析, 能够为河口中溶解态氮的来源及循环机理等研究提供有效信息。  相似文献